Legal basis is the Law 84/1998 on Trademarks and Geographical Indications, modified and completed by the Law no. 112/2020 published in the Official Gazette of Romania, part I, no. 603 of July 09, 2020.
Romania is a member of the Madrid Agreement and the Madrid Protocol.
Trademark protection is obtained by registration. It can also be acquired by wide public recognition (well-known trade marks).

Nice classification, 11th edition

Trademarks may consist of any signs such as words including names, or drawings, letters, numerals, devices, the shape of a product or its packaging or sounds, provided that these signs are capable to:
a) to distinguish the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises
b) to be represented in the Trademark Register in a manner allowing the competent authorities and the public to determine with clarity and precision the subject matter of the protection afforded to its proprietor.

The following trademark types are registrable: trademarks, service marks, collective marks, certification marks.

The application is filed with the State Office for Inventions and Trademarks.
Multiple-class applications are possible. Using general terms or general indications included in the class headings of Nice Classification shall be interpreted as including all goods or services covered by the literal meaning of the indication or term.
Foreign applicants only need a local agent if the foreign person is not from the EU or the European Economic Area, except for the trademark application filing. Foreigners from the EU or EEA can act before the State Office of Invention and Trademarks directly only for filing of a trademark application which must be in Romanian language.
A non-legalized power of attorney is sufficient but it must be filed in original.
Foreign applicants do not need a domestic registration.
The application process includes a formal examination and an examination on absolute grounds of refusal. There is no examination on relative grounds according to the trademark law.
The processing time from first filing to registration or first office action is of approx. 10 to 15 months, if no office actions are issued and/or oppositions are filed.
An application admitted to registration for which the registration procedure was concluded is recorded in the Trade Mark Registry and the registration certificate is issued, subject to payment of the official fees.
The registration procedure shall be deemed completed on the date when the trade mark application admitted to registration may no longer be the subject of an opposition or, if an opposition has been filed, on the date on which the opposition decision became final or the opposition has been withdrawn.
Registered trademarks are published in the Official Bulletin for Industrial Property.
Failing the payment, it will be considered that the applicant has renounced the registration of the trademark. The renouncement is recorded in the Trade Mark Register and published in the Official Bulletin for Industrial Property.

National:
The opposition period is 2 months as of the date of publication of the trademark application admittance.
The State of Invention and Trademarks will grant a two month period of cooling-off for trying to reach an amicable settlement. On joint request of the opposing parties, this period can be extended for a new period which cannot exceed three months.
At the request of the applicant, the proprietor of the earlier trademark will file evidence attesting the use of the earlier trade mark during a period of 5 years preceding the application date or the priority application date or proper reasons for non-use. If the earlier trademark is a European Union trademark, the effective use of it will be established according to art. 18 of European Union Trademark Regulation.
The opposition will be rejected if no evidence of use is filed.

Details regarding the Opposition Period against designation of IR Mark are available in our publication on this topic here

A trademark registration is valid for 10 years from date of application.
The registration is renewable for periods of 10 years.

Practical details on grace periods for trademark renewals are available in our publication here

Practical details on trademark use requirements are available in our publication here

The official fee (including the official fees for publication of the new tm application for opposition purposes) for the first class is EUR 150 for word marks, EUR 180 for black and white device marks and EUR 330 for colored marks. For each additional class, the fee is EUR 50. The fee for publication of the registration and for certificate issue is EUR 50.

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Practical details on trademark licensing are available in our publication here